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NCERT/ CBSE Solution Biology Class XII. |
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Unit Number |
Chapters |
NCERT Solution |
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Unit VI |
Reproduction |
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Chapter 1: Reproduction in Organisms |
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Chapter 2: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants |
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Chapter 3: Human Reproduction |
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Chapter 4: Reproductive Health |
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Unit VII |
Genetics and Evolution |
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Chapter 5: Principles of Inheritance and Variation |
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Chapter 6: Molecular Basis of Inheritance |
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Chapter 7: Evolution |
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Unit VIII |
Biology and Human welfare |
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Chapter 8: Human Health and Diseases Pathogens |
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Chapter 9: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production |
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Chapter 10: Microbes in Human Welfare |
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Unit IX |
Biotechnology and Its Applications |
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Chapter 11: Biotechnology – Principles and processes |
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Chapter 12: Biotechnology and its Application |
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Unit X |
Ecology and Environment |
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Chapter 13: Organisms and Populations |
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Chapter 14: Ecosystem |
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Chapter 15: Biodiversity and its Conservation |
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Chapter 16: Environmental Issues |
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Revised Class XII Biology
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus For Biology 2020
CBSE Class 12 Biology has both Theory and Practical Exams. The CBSE Class 12 Biology Theory exam is conducted for 70 marks whereas the Practical carries the remaining 30 marks. In this article, we will provide you with the detailed CBSE Class 12 syllabus for Biology Theory and Practical.
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Unit |
Title |
No. of Periods |
Marks |
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VI |
Reproduction |
30 |
14 |
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VII |
Genetics and Evolution |
40 |
18 |
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VIII |
Biology and Human Welfare |
30 |
14 |
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IX |
Biotechnology and its Applications |
30 |
10 |
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X |
Ecology and Environment |
30 |
14 |
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Total |
160 |
70 |
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-1 Syllabus: Reproduction in Organisms
Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species; modes of reproduction – asexual and sexual reproduction; asexual reproduction – binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-2 Syllabus: Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants
Flower structure; development of male and female gametophytes; pollination – types, agencies and examples; outbreeding devices; pollen-pistil interaction; double fertilization; post fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit; special modes- apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-3 Syllabus: Human Reproduction
Male and female reproductive systems; microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; gametogenesis- spermatogenesis and oogenesis; menstrual cycle; fertilisation, embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; pregnancy and placenta formation (elementary idea); parturition (elementary idea); lactation (elementary idea).
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-4 Syllabus: Reproductive Health
Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs); birth control – need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP); amniocentesis; infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT (elementary idea for general awareness).
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-5 Syllabus: Principles of Inheritance and Variation
Heredity and variation: Mendelian inheritance; deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy; elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; chromosome theory of inheritance; chromosomes and genes; Sex determination – in human being, birds and honey bee; linkage and crossing over; sex linked inheritance – haemophilia, colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans -thalassemia; chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-6 Syllabus: Molecular Basis of Inheritance
Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central Dogma; transcription, genetic code, translation; gene expression and regulation – lac operon; Genome, Human and rice genome projects; DNA fingerprinting.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-7 Syllabus: Evolution
Origin of life; biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences); Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution; mechanism of evolution – variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-8 Syllabus: Human Health and Diseases
Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chikungunya, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control; Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines; cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-9 Syllabus: Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production
Animal husbandry, Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-10 Syllabus: Microbes in Human Welfare
Microbes in food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and bio-fertilizers. Antibiotics; production and judicious use.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-11 Syllabus: Biotechnology – Principles and Processes
Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-12 Syllabus: Biotechnology and its Application
Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production, stem cell technology, gene therapy; genetically modified organisms – Bt crops; transgenic animals; biosafety issues, biopiracy and patents.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-13 Syllabus: Organisms and Populations
Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, population and ecological adaptations; population interactions – mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-14 Syllabus: Ecosystem
Ecosystems: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; energy flow; pyramids of number, biomass, energy; nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous); ecological succession; ecological services – carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release (in brief).
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-15 Syllabus: Biodiversity and its Conservation
Biodiversity – Concept, patterns, importance; loss of biodiversity; biodiversity conservation; hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.
CBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter-16 Syllabus: Environmental Issues
Air pollution and its control; water pollution and its control; agrochemicals and their effects; solid waste management; radioactive waste management; greenhouse effect and climate change impact and mitigation; ozone layer depletion; deforestation; case study exemplifying success story addressing environmental issue(s).
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus For Biology – Practical
The CBSE Class 12 Biology Practical evaluation scheme is as under:
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One Major Experiment |
5 marks |
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One Minor Experiment |
4 marks |
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Slide Preparation |
5 marks |
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Spotting |
7 marks |
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Practical Record + Viva Voce |
4 marks |
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Project Record + Viva Voce |
5 marks |
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Total |
30 marks |
CBSE Class 12 Syllabus For Biology – Practical – Study/Observation (Spotting)
a. Flowers adapted to pollination by different agencies (wind, insects, birds).
b. Pollen germination on stigma through a permanent slide.
c. Identification of stages of gamete development, i.e., T.S. of testis and T.S. of ovary through permanent slides (from grasshopper/mice).
d. Meiosis in onion bud cell or grasshopper testis through permanent slides.
e. T.S. of blastula through permanent slides(Mammalian).
f. Mendelian inheritance using seeds of different colour/sizes of any plant.
g. Prepared pedigree charts of any one of the genetic traits such as rolling of tongue, blood groups, ear lobes, widow’s peak and colourblindness.
h. Controlled pollination – emasculation, tagging and bagging.
i. Common disease causing organisms like Ascaris, Entamoeba, Plasmodium, any fungus causing ringworm through permanent slides or specimens. Comment on symptoms of diseases that they cause.
j. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in xeric conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.
k. Two plants and two animals (models/virtual images) found in aquatic conditions. Comment upon their morphological adaptations.